The holocaust was what showed magneto what humans were capable of, but it was far from the last time humans showed him that.
With or without the holocaust, Max would have lived through so much horrible stuff.
For the average mutant, every day they live a risk of genocide at the hands of humans.
So, he probably still would have ended up the same way eventually. Though, it would make an interesting story idea.
I actually wrote my own fanfic story "what if Captain America was actually a mutant"
And in that story, Captain America does liberate Magneto from the camps, but not before he had witnessed the deaths of his family and friends.
Realistically the holocaust started 1933. The United States only joined the united front in 1942. If I remember correctly, the first Concentration camp to be liberated was in 1944.
By the time the Captain America would have possibly started liberating camps, Max and his family could have been in a concentration camp for years potentially.
So.... even if Captain America were to have liberated Max, what he would have endured in that time would have been so traumatizing, it would hardly have made a difference.