No. His beliefs or hypothesis was based upon a false premise. Thanos believed, that rapidly reducing the population would provide abundance for the remaining population. The fact is population is dictated, sustained, or established by food supply... Production of additional food guarantees that the population will expand to consume it.
Peter Farb stated in "Humankind"; 'Intensification of food production to feed an increased population leads to a still greater increase in population'.
We see this commonly within any social population... Food functions as population control. In short a breeding population expands until it outstrips its food supply, then its' numbers decline until it is capable of being sustained by its food population.
He didn't understand the laws of ecology... Or maybe the writers of the story didn't.