Mutant History

Preface

The recent dates are given regarding the comics' edition. Due to the sliding timescale, the temporal connections (sometimes stated in the comics) may be incoherent outside of the comics context.

Those dates can also be replaced if proven in comics (or handbooks) to be different from the publication dates.a

To be noted that the chronological order is based on proven facts: Therefore, some mutants among them The Forever Man, Garbha-Hsien and Nicodemus, may be the first mutants, but aren't confirmed as such due to a lack of consistent information.

The mutant population have varied on Earth-616, climbing to millions and decreasing to a few hundred individuals.

Out of Earth

Many species outside Earth developed mutants among them, and some of them preceeded the human mutants:

• Five and a half billion years ago, Maht Pacle was an alien obsessed with killing whatever he hunted. He was also a mutant of his species, whose biological systems were focused on his body's preservation, causing his adult body to not age. He became the Elder of the Universe known as the Obliterator.
• One billion years ago, on Mars, Chak was a mutant, beakless and nigh-human, among the Wing-Men.
• Gaia was born at least 17,000 years ago.

Pre- and early History

Before the First Host

One million years ago, as the Stone Age Avengers were rushing to the First Host, Agamotto mentioned that the roster included mutants. Though it is unknown which members were referenced, Lady Phoenix was presumably the mentioned mutant, due to the Phoenix Force pattern of choosing telepathic redheaded mutants as hosts.

First Host

For the full presentation of this event, please consult the First Host page.

During their First Host on Earth, one million years ago, the Celestials collected the Wanderers, a tribe of Homo erectus. Gammenon the Gatherer collected the ape-men and send them to Ziran the Tester who mutated them to have an unstable genome, creating the Deviants (Homo descendus), a race with various mutations, who were then released and went hiding in the caves. With other subjects, Nezarr the Calculator then created the Eternals (Eternals (Homo immortalis)), hairless, upright tall beings able to tap into the cosmic power. They were themselves released, flying out of the Celestials' laboratory-ship. Finally, Oneg the Prober created a latent gene for the expansion of human potential and those modified yet apparently unchanged ape-men were released.

The potential for superhuman powers was only latent: That dormant "DNA complex"/"mutant genes" implanted in Homo erectus.

That potential was transferred to Homo antecessor, then to Homo neanderthalensis, both species experimented on by Kree in order to create the Inhumans (Inhomo supremis).

An early Inhuman named Tuk decided to live among humans, passing his unique genetic code and increasing the potential of humnanity for mutation

It later came to fruition into the form of Homo superior, the mutants.

For the focused history of the Mutant Genes, please consult this page.

On Earth, mutants have existed for thousands of years, often explained through magic or folk beliefs.

Dawn of Man

There has been a cluster of mutants that have appeared more than 1,000,000 years ago and joined together as a tribe. So far they have been so far documented as the first mutants:

• Phoenix was one of the first mutants and a host of the Phoenix Force during the Stone Age and a member of the Avengers.

A few individuals have been stated to be among the first mutants as well, originated from the beginnings of human live (although their origin remains unclear as far):

The birth of the (possibly) first mutant: Selene

• The Forever Man was seemingly one of the first mutants, possibly the first according to Iron Man, and claimed to have lived 10,000 lives, although it may be an hyperbole or an underestimation.
• Hungry, possibly the "ultimate primal mutant" (or a demonic entity) from the dawn of humanity, having existed as long as the human species.
• Garbha-Hsien was stated to be one of the oldest, even by External standards. He himself said that he was already old when the continents shook.
• Amahl Farouk said himself that he lived since the dawn of humanity.

Hyborian Age

The first recorded (with a clear date) human mutant on Earth was Selene, born in Central Europe 17,000 years ago, "after the Oceans swallowed Atlantis" and "before the rise of the sons of Aryas", during the Hyborian Age, and even clashed with Kulan Gath over 10,000 years ago.

Though his exact origin is unknown, Crule was believed to originate from the northern regions of what became Africa and a centuries old animosity towards Gideon, but he invoked Ishtar and Mitra, deities primarily worshiped in the Hyborian Age.

It was said that Nicodemus is as old as the Swiss mountains themselves, whose formation was likely a result of the post-Hyborian cataclysm around 8,000 B.C.

Biblical Times: The Neyaphem and Cheyarafim

For years, it was thought that the mutants were only a handful individuals at the first stages of humanity.

15.000 years old mutants in a mass grave

That theory was proven wrong by the discovery, in 2003, of a mutant civilization built "many many centuries earlier than Mayan, Aztec or Moche"; Carbon dating has stated that the age of the mutant remains found in Isla des Demonas to be 15,000 years old (When neolithic revolution and domestication of animals by humans dates back to 9000 BC) and long before the rise of the Egyptian empires, an ancient and advanced mutant civilization predating all other known civilizations.

Among those mutants, called Neyaphem, who enslaved humanity was Azazel, calling himself Satan. He and his kind were repelled to another dimension by the "Angels", the Cheyarafim, another early group of mutants. Among the other Neyaphem to be trapped were also Ydrazil.

The Banciewicz family

Allegedly for thousand years, the first-born sons of the Jewish family Banciewicz developed powers while reaching puberty.

Ancient Egypt

Many of the early recorded mutants were active during antique Egypt, including communities, groups and families:

• The Man (eventually known as "Demon") and others of his kind (named the same way) were activated by uranium pits. They were active at least since Ancient Egyptian times.
• The Forever Man was one of the first mutants on Earth, has possibly lived 10,000 lives and was active at least in Ancient Egyptian times.

30th century B.C.

En Sabah Nur stated that he was the first mutant was often stated to be, and thought himself to be (his name meant "The First One"), although Selene predated him 5,000 years at least. He was reportedly born 5,000 years ago, in Egypt, during the First Dynasty (30th century B.C.). Apocalypse also stated he was the cause of the Bronze Age's end. He was also believed, erroneously, to be their common ancestor. It was confirmed that Apocalypse was actually the first of the second generation of mutants. He was among a multitude of mutants that resided on the mutant island Okkara, among them were his family. It wasn't until a great battle ensured, that Okkara split into Krakoa and Arakko, and sealed away every mutant but Apocalypse and Krakoa themselves.

After him, many powered individuals among his descendants, the Clan Akkaba, were witnessed in positions of powers in Egypt.

13th century B.C.

Anath-Na Mut was active in 1275 B.C., and served Ramses II.

4th century B.C.

In the fourth century B.C.E., twin mutants tried to cross the English Channel, and drown themselves on their raft. That event was witnessed by Apocalypse, who looked for "his people, scattered over the world, but didn't intervened,as their deaths was by their own means.

3rd century

Decimus Furius activated his powers in Rome in the year 281, seemingly a young boy or an adolescent then. After rampaging civilians, spending years in prison and acting as a gladiator, he was worshiped, thought to be the Minotaur, until he was collected by Apocalypse and "stored" for later use as the War of his Final Horsemen.

It was later speculated by Nova Roman Lucius Aquilla that the Gods were maybe simply mutants.

4th century

Sanjar Javeed was active in the year 325 in Persia. He was "collected" by Apocalypse and "stored" for later use as the Death of his Final Horsemen.

5th to 6th Centuries

Later, at least one member of the Clan Akkaba was active and was involved in the sack of Rome.

The Neo

At some point, many generations ago, some mutants, the Neo, secluded themselves from mankind, hoping to inherit Earth once the humans had destroyed themselves. They built hidden cities in various locations, including Alaska and South America. They remained in hiding for centuries.

The exact time of this seclusion is unknown.

Medieval Period

11th century

In 1013, Apocalypse came to Scandinavia to kill Thoron the counsel of Rama-Tut who informed him of beings and ancestors of people who would cause a threat to him in the future. He then sent his four Four Horsemen (Pestilence/Phantom Bats of the Twelve Minds, War, Native-American Famine, Death) to kill Folkbern Logan, ancestor of Wolverine, but they were all destroyed by Thor.

In the early 11th century Externals Garbha-Hsien, Nicodemus and possibly Crule had already banded together as the High Lords.

Candra was active in the early to mid 11th century.

12th century

Around the beginning of the 12th century, Garbha-Hsien found the Celestial Ship in the Ho-Lo Shan Mountains of Northern Mongolia.

Garbha-Hsien first met En Sabah Nur in the middle of the 12th century, and claimed to have lived already several lifetimes.

At some point, Nathan Summers traveled in time to fight En Sabah Nur, as the Traveler. He went from tribe to tribe to keep them informed and unified.

The Skornn

The possibly alien or demonic race called the Skornn terrorized Macedonia and other areas between periods of slumber. They feasted upon the energy signatures of the few mutants they could find then.

During one of those slumbers, a gathering of powerful mutants including En Sabah Nur and Garbha-Hsien created the Five Fingers of Annihilation blade to destroy the Skornn, who imbued it with their own mutant life force while forging it.

At some point after that meeting, mutant priestess D'narda was possibly activated in Karanda, Macedonia, Greece (80 miles south of modern-day Plovdiv, Bulgaria).

There, the local priests threatened to awaken the Skornn, causing the Council of Nirinthia to seek out the Traveler.

En Sabah Nur having sent a cadre of killers after the Traveler, he responded the call months after, to find only D'narda alive, the Skornn awakened and having fed upon the lifeforce of the townspeople and priests of Karanada, and the Council of Nirinthia. When D'narda sacrificed herself to save the Traveler from the Skornn, her blood and sacrifice activated the Five Fingers of Annihilation, stopping the Skornn.

Third Crusade

During the Third Crusade, Bennet du Paris encountered in Akkaba the mutants Sahreed and The Scarab, before manifesting his own powers. Offered him to be become his servant, Apocalypse locked the knight he had renamed Exodus for centuries.

14th century

The Changelings/Killcrops

Another form of "early mutants" also during the same period, with notably Dafydd ap Andras, born in the year 1337, active at least in 1347. This kind, named "killcrops", was characterized by early appearance of powers, and allegedly leading the way to the modern mutants with puberty-induced mutation.

The Changelings were believed to take the place of human babies, to be Satan's hellspawn, and were recognize to their powers (strength, aerokinesis...) and also to their knowledge.

The Proto-Mutants

Around six to seven hundred years ago, a population of three hundred "Proto-Mutants" (an "early" form of mutants with "less evolved" X-Genes), a different species from mutants, like Neanderthals to humans, lived in the mountains of Crimea.

• The man who would become known as Gabriel Shepherd was stated to be 700 years old, possibly as a simplification.
• Ister was stated to be around 665 years old, and was consequently born around the half of the 14th century

It isn't known yet how far the origin of the Proto-Mutants started.

A Primal Scream caused by a Cosmic Being annihilated half of Europe's population in the guise of the Black Plague. Due to the Proto-Mutants not being affected, they were targeted by the humans, seeking a cure or simply driven by fear and anger, and were eventually all killed. Despite the Proto-Mutants retreating in the hills, they were all slaughtered and buried in a mass grave near Kuryk, Kazakhstan, off the Caspian Sea.

From Renaissance to late 18th Century

At some point, presumably between the 13th and 18th centuries, the immortal mutant Laslo Magzel was active in Slorenia.

15th century

In the year 1459 in Romania, the Horseman of War led Apocalypse's Riders of the Dark against Vlad Dracula's army.

Gideon activated in 1492, travelling to America as part of Columbus' expedition in the Pinta.

17th century

The Clan Akkaba allegedly had at least a member on the Mayflower journey to America, in 1620.

Ogun, believed to be a mutant, was, according to some reports, alive in the early part of the 17th century.

The meteor that indirectly caused the emergence of the Sisterhood

During the autumn of the year of 1660 a radioactive meteorite fell next to Hamburg, Germany affected Hans Knoblach, who had three children in America, themselves "affected":

• Gloria Knoblach, born in 1673, possibly active (hung as a witch at Salem) in June 1692.
• William Knoblach was born in 1675, and disappeared after 1700, possibly already activated at this time, and confirmed to be soon after.
• Fiona Knoblach was born in 1680.

Burke was already active (or activated then) in the 17th century, where he was burned at the stake.

18th century

Fiona Knoblach married in 1707 and had three daughters. Her first husband died five years later, and she soon remarried to another man and had three more daughters before he died in 1718. She married for a third time in 1720 to a Vernon Reaves and had a seventh daughter.

In 1780, Fiona Knoblach had around twenty grandchildren and sixty great-grandchildren, mostly girls. It is unknown how many were mutants.

Elias Bogan may have been alive in the 1780s.

At least a member of the Clan Akkaba was active in the guillotine executions during the French Revolution, around 1789-1799.

Burke was guillotined in the 18th century.

19th century

From 1800 to 1870

More and more mutants started to appear:

• Jonas Graymalkin activated two hundred years ago.
• Silas Burr was possibly involved in a murder in 1828 (although he was accounted to be born at the end of 19th century).
• Ichisumi first activated in 1833 in Kumamoto, Japan. She was collected by Apocalypse and "stored" for later use as the Famine of his Final Horsemen.

Evolution of the mutant population in the last two centuries

From 1840 to 1870, there was a small yet significant increase in the mutant population.

Clan Akkaba member Kabar Brashir was born in the 1850s.

Tobias Messenger was born in 1859 and activated circa 1878 at 19 years.

The same year, Nathaniel Essex presented his work and theories on the Essex Factors, illustrated by a cadaver he pieced together from human and animal remains. He was rejected by the Royal Society of London. He then looked for "freaks" and was shown a collection of some of them by the Marauders during his search for the ones with the Great Mutation, the right "Essex Factor", the "Essex Men". He also met with Apocalypse and time-travelling Cyclops and Phoenix. It is unknown if some of those "freaks" were indeed mutants.

• Jeb Lee activated in 1863 in the USA. He was collected by Apocalypse and "stored" for later use as the Pestilence of his Final Horsemen.
• Amanda Mueller was apparently born around 1860.

1870 to the end of the 20th Century

From to 1870 to 1890 by a decrease equivalent to the increase from 1840 to 1870, and from then, the mutant population increased exponentially.

Candra was active centuries ago, and was known to be active in the year 1887.

Absalom was active at least in 1891 (although he was believed to be activated in 1896).

In 1891, the Externals Burke, Saul (Garbha-Hsien), Absalom, Nicodemus and Gideon had already banded together as the High Lords, although they were stated to exist for centuries.

Frederick and Hamilton Slade, their mother Margaret Slade, Jack Starsmore, Kabar Brashir and dozens other members of the Clan Akkaba were active mutants in 1897, but their numbers were reduced to a handful.

In the same year, John Howlett Jr. died.

• Irene Adler was born in the 19th century (she was active in 1936).
• Victor Creed was born in the late 19th century.
• Clara and Saul Creed, the younger siblings of Victor Creed, were born at least in the end of 19th century, and were already adult in 1907.
• James Howlett was born in the end of the 19th century, and activated in 1900.
• Absalom stated he activated in Wyoming at the end of the 19th century, in 1896 (although he was seen already active and part of the Externals in 1891.

Some others are identified as being around a century old, but may in fact be much older:

• Silas Burr was accounted to be born in Canada toward end of 19th century (but was also tied to possible murders back in 1828).
• Elias Bogan was stated to have been alive for at least one century, but could have been the inspiration for the original, founding chapter of the Hellfire Club, in the 1780s.
• Ogun, believed to be a mutant, is at least one century old, was active in the 1910s but, according to other reports, was already alive in the early part of the 17th century.

20th century: The Modern Mutant Race

There was an exponential increase in the mutant population from 1890 and through the 20th century. Mutants became a statistically significant evolutionary offshoot of Homo sapiens around that time, and it is considered that the "modern mutant race" is only a century old.

• Rutherford Princeton III was born around 1902, but activated only at 96 years old.

Over-Men, Wonders

1906

In 1906 in San Francisco, the local branch of the Hellfire Club, led by Molyneux, assembled a league of "seers", "sensitives" and psychics, who were both in his vision "the first step" to the "Over-Men", and a way to detect them. He also stated that using those, he had been able to find some of those Over-Men. The concept of Over-Men was inspired by both Charles Darwin and Nietzsche's works.

Alerted by his seers of the coming of the Overmen (in fact the X-Club from the 21st century, coming back in the past to understand the origins of mutants), Molyneux activated his Sentinel.

Wednesday, April 18th, the battle between the Hellfire Club's Sentinel and the X-Club caused the Great San Francisco Earthquake.

• The Forever Man was reborn as Morgan Hardy during a fire following the earthquake.
• Doctor Nemesis was born the 1st of December 1906, and is considered among the first modern mutants.

1907

In 1907 in New York lived many powered beings, named "Wonders". among them Klara Prast, a mutant.

It is unknown if some of those "seers" and "Wonders" (apart from Klara Prast) were indeed mutants.

Among the possibly or confirmed members of this modern mutants are:

• Silver Fox was active in the 1910s.
• Circa 1910, Tobias Messenger had gathered at least three other activated mutant adults, who participated to WWI and died within the 10 following years.
• Raven Darkholme was active in the early 20th century. and at least in 1921.
• Jacob Shaw's shapeshifting abilities were activated in 1915 by Sinister.
• At least before 1920, Grigory Rasputin was active, posing as a mystic. He was urged by Sinister to sire children as much as possible.
• Irene Adler (born in the 19th century) was active in 1936.

Homo insectus

Adriana Soria was born at least in 1920th and was active in WWII. Her mutation had her split from the mutants and humans to new sub-phylum: Homo insectus.

First mutant boom

• Robert Frank was born circa 1910s-1920s and was active in 1942.
• Jacqueline Falsworth was born circa the end of WWI.
• Namor, born in 1920, is considered the "first of the first mutant boom" (he is also sometimes considered erroneously as the very first mutant).
• Lenore activated herself as a young adult in 1947, and was presumably born in the 1920s.
• Namora / Aquaria Neptunia was born circa 1921.
• Max Eisenhardt was born in the 1920s in Germany.
• Meyer Banciewicz was born in Poland in 1924.
• Born in 1932, James "Jimmy Jupiter" Jankovicz was possibly an early mutant.
• Wolfgang Heinreich was born in the year 1932, in Germany.
• Ethan Warren activated at puberty, and was a lieutenant in US Army during WWII.
• Faye Livingstone was active in the 1930s, and killed in the same period.
• Amahl Farouk was active at least in 1936, although he said himself that he lived since the dawn of humanity.
• The original members of the Promise Gene Bitner, Craig Farnsworth and Ernest Scope were adults and activated mutants in the 50's.

World War II

• Meyer Banciewicz was active during the Nazi invasion of Poland, at thirteen years old.
• Jimmy Jupiter, maybe an early mutant, was active in WWII.
• Stonewall, Super Sabre and Crimson Commando fought together against the Nazis.
• Jacqueline Falsworth was active at least in 1942.
• John Greycrow was active at least in 1944.
• Experiment N2 was created in 1944, cloned from Namor's blood.
  • In order to create Experiment N2, Sinister used the blood of some Nazi concentration or death camps prisoners. It is unclear if those prisoners were mutants.

During WWII, mutants were still publicly largely unknown.

In 1944, Nazi scientist Mister Sinister (also known as "Nosferatu") experimented on prisoners in concentration and death camps in order to find and activate mutants. Sinister created Experiment N2, cloning from Namor's blood. In order to create Experiment N2, Sinister used the blood of some Nazi concentration or death camp prisoners. It is unclear if those prisoners were mutants.

Crule was active in the death camps.

Candra was active during the war and using Wolfgang von Strucker to obtain the Momentary Princess gem

Lebengebrochennacht

The Lebengebrochennacht, the "night of broken lives", was the night the Nazis began hunting down mutants.
That event became famous in "mutant world history", while humans weren't much told nor learned of it.

Post-WWII

• Simon Lestron was born in 1945.
• Daken was born in 1946.
• Robert Frank Jr. was born in 1950, but was placed in stasis for years.
• Gloria Dayne was born in 1950.

Mutants were stile seemingly unknown from the public around 1954, while scientists knew of it in 1956. During those years and the time Steve Rogers was frozen, the climate towards mutants shifted to hostility.

• Irving Banciewicz was born around 1956.
• Namorita Prentiss was born in 1958, cloned from her "mother" Namora.

In 1959, socialite Henry Marsh theorized as well the existence of many mutants unaware of their powers or keeping them hidden. He revealed his theory to Vincent Farnsworth, who activated (or discovered his powers) that day. Farnsworth also suspected Marsh of being a mutant as well.

• Christoph Nord was active at least in 1961.
• John Wraith was active at least in 1961.

In 1962, Tad Carter activated. He was informed that many mutants existed by Messenger, who recruited him into the Promise.

At least in that year, Lucius Farnsworth was active as well.

Until a certain point, the Soviet Union euthanized mutant children. Afterwards, they started having them serve the state instead.

Mutant gatherings

As mutant telepath Charles Xavier witnessed the violence of others towards mutants (already referred to then as "muties"), he created the X-Men, bringing together Scott Summers, Bobby Drake, the winged Warren Worthington III, Henry McCoy and Jean Grey.

• Arkady Rossovich was active at least in 1968.
• Irving Banciewicz activated at fourteen, in 1970.

A popular explanation for this marked growth is the proliferation of nuclear technologies in the modern era, starting with the first atomic bomb who began the wide-spreading of genetic mutation resulting from the radiation.

The increase of the mutant population was eventually perceived by the Eternals as a sign of the coming Fourth Host.

In 1983, it was still unknown from governmental sources what was the source of the mutation.

Legacy Virus

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21st century

Before the Sentinel Massacre

A mutant baby boom occurred in 2001, linked by Hank McCoy to his feline form Secondary Mutation.

It was stated (in 2001) that the descendants of Fiona Knoblach were nearly thirty thousands, with a least part of them forming the Dark Sisterhood, selected among powerful members of her descendants. It is unknown how many were mutants.

It was also discovered at the same time that the Extinction Gene (a gene activated on when an "entire species is about to go extinct") present within the human genome was slowly pushing them towards extinction, and that humans would be extinct within three, maybe four generations, and mutants (or something even stranger) would replace them.

Sentinel attack on Genosha

Sentinel Massacre: Genosha's destruction

Before the Wild Sentinels attack on Genosha, occurred the same year, the mutant population was estimated at 16 million on Genosha.

Almost all of them killed during the raid. Charles Xavier witnessed the event on Cerebra, with a population counter (on his monitor) falling from 16,521,063 to 763 or less. The body count estimated by Purity was of 16,743,618, then a "Mutie Death Count" of 17,483,229, presumably including the few human victims.

It was later stated that Bolivar Trask, as the inventor of the Sentinels, killed 16,521,618 mutants, but it is unknown how much of these victims are not included in the Genosha attack. It was stated to be 15 million victims by Cyclops, seemingly as a simplification.

All of Genosha's population wasn't wiped out, as Xavier picked up a few signals using Cerebra.

It was stated that more than half of the world's known mutant population died during the Sentinels attack.

After the Sentinel Massacre

The attack on Genosha prompted Xavier (in fact Cassandra Nova possessing his body) to out his school and himself as mutants. (In fact those two events themselves prompting other events in the mutant culture, mutant-human relations and violence...

Soon after that event, yet another rise in mutant birth occurred, tied to solar flares.

One year before the passing of the Superhuman Registration Act, a census revealed that mutant population would overtake humans within 10 to 20 years.

The spell

House of M, M-Day & Decimation

For the full presentation of those event, please consult the House of M and Decimation pages.

In the middle of the 2000s, due to the reality manipulations of the Scarlet Witch, Earth-616 was turned into the House of M, a world with a majority of mutants.

Soon after, at 11.15, a Tuesday morning (In New York City) or off-coast of Callao, Peru, at 3:00 PM in the afternoon of November 2nd, the Witch cast another spell, "No More Mutants", de-powering a massive majority of mutants, millions of them.

The US Government estimated a number of 198 mutants, cataloged, but acknowledged that there were a few thousands, around 300 individuals who were recognized as mutants, and Tony Stark admitted that a low estimate had been produced. Dani Moonstar stated that there were 198 known mutants, but others had remained off the grid until then, including Jonas Graymalkin or Leon Nunez, but also known mutants, like the "199th mutant", off the record of the 198 as part of a deal with the government, or Wiz Kid who hacked into S.H.I.E.L.D.'s database.

Along with this loss of the X-Gene among formerly active mutants, the birthrate flatlined as well, with no new mutants born.

Silent War

Stolen from the Inhumans, the Terrigen Mists were used by Quicksilver to mimic or reactivate X-Gene granted abilities in several former mutants, but the effects were dangerous and temporary, quickly causing the re-activated mutants to lose control of their new powers, usually resulting in their deaths. Quicksilver's attempts to use the mists to re-power mutants were stopped by X-Factor Investigations.

Messiah Complex and gathering in San Francisco

Eventually, baby Spalding (later known as Hope) was born, the first mutant birth and activation since M-Day.

After this event, Forge created his "New Mutants", in order to repopulate the world with mutants, but all were seemingly killed after going through a Ghost Box.

Utopia

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When Eli Bard, under orders of Selene, used his Techno-Organic Virus to resurrect deceased mutants, the population grew back to 1,652,106 mutants world-wide, thanks to mutants who had died before M-Day but with active X-Genes being resurrected. Caliban estimated that population to a million mutants. They soon returned to the dead as they were sacrificed by Selene in order to ascend into a goddess.

After Necrosha and the loss of many mutant lives, Doctor Nemesis stated that the mutant population consisted of 181 individuals.

Schism

After the Schism, Cyclops confirmed that less than two hundred mutants were alive and powered.

Second Coming

By the time of the Second Coming, it was estimated that there were approximately 200 remaining mutants on Earth.

New mutant activations and Neo extinction

On June 2010, before the 17,, after the return of Hope from the future and a battle where mutants danced with final extinction, five new mutants appeared around the world.

Soon after, one year after the M-Day, the Neo of the Guardian Clan came to Utopia to find answers for their own Decimation, and all of their kind were seemingly slaughtered across the world by the Evolutionaries.

The five Lights were followed by a sixth, then a Seventh Light, who committed suicide as a result of his mutation.

Another mutant birth was witnessed, by the mutant Wolfsbahne: Tier.

David Michael Gray produced at least a few clones of Proto-Mutants, but all were killed after he committed suicide.

No more Phoenix

Avengers/X-Men War and M-Day effect cancellation

As a result of the Scarlet Witch's spell, the Phoenix Force reconstituted itself and came to Earth in order to claim Hope Summers as its host and to restore mutantkind. A conflict erupted between the X-Men who believed that the Phoenix was coming to save mutantkind and the Avengers who believed that the Phoenix was coming to destroy the Earth.

After much conflict, the X-Men, lead by Cyclops, were proven right. Hope Summers and the Scarlet Witch used the Phoenix to reverse the M-Day effect and new mutants began to emerge across the globe. Since the dispersion of the Phoenix, there has been no clear census of the mutant population, but new mutants are to be counted at least in dozens.

After the dispersion of the Phoenix and the activation of new mutants, several mutant's powers began to be adversely effected. Beast, Colossus, Cyclops, Magneto, and Emma Frost have all experienced some level of power instability, while Magik's powers were actually enhanced.

Mutant Revolution

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No More Humans

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Once Cerebra census showed about twenty thousand mutants clustered at more than a hundred locations, with three thousand at the Jean Grey School. The specifics of the situation rapidly overloaded the X-Men, who were to be peacekeepers among tensed mutants.

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M-Pox

The Terrigen Bomb

During the conflict between Thanos and the Inhumans a Terrigen Bomb was detonated, releasing the Terrigen Mist into the atmosphere. While initially harmless, the Terrigen Mists in the atmosphere eventually began affecting mutants, making them ill with the so-called "M-Pox" disease. Many mutants died as a result of exposure to the mists, and it also prevented new mutants from manifesting.

Mutant/Inhuman conflict

After Cyclops and the X-Men investigated Muir Island while a Terrigen cloud was passing over it, the X-Men became aware of the danger the cloud posed to mutants, and Cyclops died due to exposure to the mists. Emma Frost, grieving her beloved's death, created a mental projection of Cyclops and set to work on destroying the Terrigen Clouds. Her scheme led to the successful destruction of one of two clouds, but in a climactic confrontation with the Inhuman Royals, Black Bolt "killed" Emma's mental projection of Cyclops. Storm and Medusa negotiated a truce between the two peoples, with the Inhumans agreeing to give Beast access to their labs in order for him to find a cure. At the same time, Emma Frost began preparing for war with the Inhumans, in case Beast was unsuccessful. She made liaisons with various powerful mutants, planning together with Storm and Magneto.

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Hydra Empire / New Tian

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Despite an alleged normalization of mutant-inhuman relations, resent and defiance kept on.

Alternate realities

Please find here the history of alternate realities mutants.

Mutant Editorial History

Though the mutants are considered a modern concept, introduced with Marvel Comics Uncanny X-Men #1 (September, 1963), the term was (seemingly) introduced by Marvel predecessor Atlas Comics. Also, some Timely Comics (Atlas predecessor) characters were later retconned as mutants.
Please consult the "mutant editorial history" page for more informations.

Notes

• It was stated by the Stranger that he had been manipulating the evolution of the mutants of Earth (or more generally "Earth's genetic evolution"), for decades, as humans are allegedly meant to become the sole survivor of this universe, wishing to speed up their evolution in order to usurp that role. That statement is controversial considering he also claimed to have visited Earth only recently, a few years ago.

Trivia

• After a fan asked to Tom Brevoort what was Tuk mutant powers and that Brevoort answered him ("Being alive when there were still dinosaurs."), it was believed by other fans that he was indeed a mutant, and that Homo superior predated 'Homo sapiens.